ºâµÂ²ÆË°×Éѯ¹ÜÀí¹«Ë¾Ò»Õ¾Ê½²ÆË°·þÎñ·þÎñƽ̨  רעÓÚË°Îñ³ï»® »á¼Æ·þÎñ ¹«Ë¾×¢²á°ìÀí ´úÀí¼ÇÕ˵ȷþÎñ
    ºâµÂ²ÆË° > ×ÊѶ¶¯Ì¬ > Ò»°ãÄÉË°È˱ä¸üµØÖ·Æä¼ä£¬È¡µÃרƱÈöԷ½Ð´¾ÉµØÖ·»¹ÊÇеØÖ·£¿

°²»Õ´ú¿ªÆÕͨ·¢Æ±-´ú¿ª°²»ÕÆÕͨµç×Ó·¢Æ±¡¾¿ªÆ±ÁªÏµ£¾Çë½øÈë¡¿ºâµÂ²ÆË°

°²»Õ´ú¿ªÆÕͨ·¢Æ±-´ú¿ª°²»ÕÆÕͨµç×Ó·¢Æ±¡¾¿ªÆ±ÁªÏµ£¾Çë½øÈë¡¿±£¶¨·¢Æ±| Ö£ÖÝ·¢Æ±| ÖêÖÞ·¢Æ±| °²Ç췢Ʊ| ºþÄÏ·¢Æ±| ³ö²î·Ñ·¢Æ±| ³ÏÐÅ¿É¿¿~»¶Ó­×Éѯ£¨ehqosjj£©ºâµÂ²Æ˰רע²ÆË°·þÎñ; tyhË°Îñ³ï»®; tyhתÈÃ; tyh´úÀí¼ÇÕË; tyh×¢Ïú¹«Ë¾; tyh±¨Ë°; tyh»á¼Æ·þÎñ¡£

ºÎΪ²»Õ÷Ë°ÊÕÈë ÐèÒªÂú×ãʲôÌõ¼þ

²ÆÐÐË°ºÏ²¢É걨֮ºó£¬Ö®Ç°°´ÔÂÉ걨µÄÓ¡»¨Ë°ÈçºÎÉ걨£¿¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ÎªÁË·ÀÖ¹ÄÉË°ÈËÒò¸÷Ë°ÖÖÄÉË°ÆÚÏÞ²»Ò»ÖÂÔì³É©±¨£¬¶Ô·¿²úË°¡¢³ÇÕòÍÁµØʹÓÃË°¡¢Ó¡»¨Ë°¡¢ÍÁµØÔöֵ˰¡¢»·¾³±£»¤Ë°¡¢×ÊÔ´Ë°£¬°´ÆÚÄÉË°µÄͳһµ÷ÕûΪ°´¼¾É걨ÄÉË°£¬°´´ÎÄÉË°µÄ±£³Ö²»±ä¡£ÄÉË°ÆÚÏÞµ÷Õûºó£¬°´ÆÚÉ걨Óë°´´ÎÉ걨µÄË°ÖÖ¿ÉÒԺϲ¢É걨¡£×Ô2021Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕÆ𣬰´ÆÚÉ걨³ÇÕòÍÁµØʹÓÃË°¡¢·¿²úË°¡¢ÍÁµØÔöֵ˰¡¢Ó¡»¨Ë°¡¢×ÊÔ´Ë°µÄÄÉË°ÈË£¬ÊµÐа´¼¾É걨½ÉË°£¬ÄÉË°ÈËÓ¦ÓÚ¼¾¶ÈÖÕÁËÖ®ÈÕÆðÊ®ÎåÈÕÄÚÉ걨²¢½ÉÄÉË°¿î¡£ÎļþÒÀ¾Ý£º¡¶Ë°Îñ×ְܾ²»ÕÊ¡Ë°Îñ¾Ö¹ØÓÚʵÐвƲúºÍÐÐΪ˰ºÏ²¢ÄÉË°É걨µÄ¹«¸æ¡·£¨Ë°Îñ×ְܾ²»ÕÊ¡Ë°Îñ¾Ö¹«¸æ2020ÄêµÚ7ºÅ£©Ñ§¸ü¶à²ÆË°×ÊѶ¡¢²Æ¾­·¨¹æ¡¢×¨¼ÒÎÊ´ð¡¢ÄÜÁ¦²âÆÀ¡¢Ãâ·ÑÖ±²¥£¬¿ÉÒԲ鿴Õý±£»á¼ÆÍøУ»á¼ÆʵÎñƵµÀ£¬ ÊÕÈ¡³Ð×â·½µÄ·¿×âÎ¥Ô¼½ðÊÇ·ñ½ÉÄÉ·¿²úË°?

Ò»°ãÄÉË°ÈËתµÇ¼ÇΪС¹æÄ£ÄÉË°ÈË£¬ÀÛ¼ÆÏúÊÛ¶î¸ÃÈçºÎ¼ÆË㣿¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ÀÛ¼ÆӦ˰ÏúÊÛ¶î¼ÆË㣬Ӧ°´ÕÕ¡¶Ôöֵ˰һ°ãÄÉË°È˵ǼǹÜÀí°ì·¨¡·£¨Ë°Îñ×ܾÖÁîµÚ43ºÅ£©µÄ¹æ¶¨Ö´ÐУ¬°üÀ¨ÄÉË°É걨ÏúÊ۶»ü²é²é²¹ÏúÊ۶ÄÉË°ÆÀ¹Àµ÷ÕûÏúÊ۶¶øÏúÊÛ·þÎñ¡¢ÎÞÐÎ×ʲú»òÕß²»¶¯²úÓп۳ýÏîÄ¿µÄÄÉË°ÈË£¬ÆäӦ˰ÐÐΪÄêӦ˰ÏúÊ۶δ¿Û³ý֮ǰµÄÏúÊÛ¶î¼ÆËã¡£´ËÍ⣬ÄÉË°ÈËżȻ·¢ÉúµÄÏúÊÛÎÞÐÎ×ʲú¡¢×ªÈò»¶¯²úµÄÏúÊ۶²»¼ÆÈëӦ˰ÐÐΪÄêӦ˰ÏúÊ۶ѧ¸ü¶à²ÆË°×ÊѶ¡¢²Æ¾­·¨¹æ¡¢×¨¼ÒÎÊ´ð¡¢ÄÜÁ¦²âÆÀ¡¢Ãâ·ÑÖ±²¥£¬¿ÉÒԲ鿴Õý±£»á¼ÆÍøУ»á¼ÆʵÎñƵµÀ£¬ ²ÆË°ÎÊ´ð¾«Ñ¡

ÎÊÌ⣺ȥÄê10Ô·ÝÊÕµ½µÄÒ»ÕÅ£¬½ñÄêÄÃÈ¥²ÆÎñ±¨ÕËʱ£¬²Å·¢ÏÖÁËÄÉË°ÈËʶ±ðºÅ×îºóһλ×ÖĸÂäµô¡£ºóÀ´Ò²ÁªÏµÁËÔ­¿ªÆ±µ¥Î»¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±£¬µ«Ëû²»Çå³þ¿É·ñÖØпª¡£Òò´ËÎÒÏë×ÉѯÏ£¬Õë¶ÔÕâÖÖÓдíµÄ¿çÄ꣬ÓÐûÓа취½«´íƱÊÕ»ØÈ»ºóÖØпªÆ±£¿´ð°¸£º1.Ôöֵ˰ÆÕͨ·¢Æ±¿ª¾ßºì×ÖûÓÐʱ¼äÉϵÄÏÞÖÆ£¬È·Êµ·ûºÏ³åºìÔ­ÒòµÄ£¬Ö»ÒªÄÜÊÕ»ØÔ­·¢Æ±»òÈ¡µÃ¶Ô·½ÓÐЧ֤Ã÷£¬¿çÄêÒ²¿É¿ª¾ß¡£2. ¸ù¾Ý¡¶Ë°Îñ×ֹܾØÓÚºì×ÖÔöֵ˰·¢Æ±¿ª¾ßÓйØÎÊÌâµÄ¹«¸æ¡·£¨Ë°Îñ×ֹܾ«¸æ2016ÄêµÚ47ºÅ£©¹æ¶¨£º¡°Îå¡¢±¾¹«¸æ×Ô2016Äê8ÔÂ1ÈÕÆðÊ©ÐУ¬¡¶Ë°Îñ×ֹܾØÓÚÍÆÐÐÔöֵ˰·¢Æ±ÏµÍ³Éý¼¶°æÓйØÎÊÌâµÄ¹«¸æ¡·(Ë°Îñ×ֹܾ«¸æ2014ÄêµÚ73ºÅ)µÚËÄÌõ¡¢¸½¼þ1¡¢¸½¼þ2ºÍ¡¶Ë°Îñ×ֹܾØÓÚÈ«ÃæÍÆÐÐÔöֵ˰·¢Æ±ÏµÍ³Éý¼¶°æÓйØÎÊÌâµÄ¹«¸æ¡·(Ë°Îñ×ֹܾ«¸æ2015ÄêµÚ19ºÅ)µÚÎåÌõ¡¢¸½¼þ1¡¢¸½¼þ2ͬʱ·ÏÖ¹¡£´Ëǰδ´¦ÀíµÄÊÂÏ°´ÕÕ±¾¹«¸æ¹æ¶¨Ö´ÐС£¡±×Ô2016Äê8ÔÂ1ÈÕÆ𣬷²·ûºÏ³åºìÌõ¼þµÄ£¬ÓɹºÂò·½Ì¡¶ºì×ÖÐÅÏ¢±í¡·£¬¿ÉÒÔºì³å´¦Àí¡£ÊµÎñºÃ¿ÎÍƼöÈ«Ãæѧ·¢Æ±¿ª¾ßÁ÷³Ì¼°ÉóºË¼¼ÇÉÇáËɱÜÃâƱ¾ÝÏÝÚ壬ά»¤¹«Ë¾Óë¸öÈ˵ĺϷ¨ÀûÒæѧ¸ü¶à²ÆË°×ÊѶ¡¢²Æ¾­·¨¹æ¡¢×¨¼ÒÎÊ´ð¡¢ÄÜÁ¦²âÆÀ¡¢Ãâ·ÑÖ±²¥£¬¿ÉÒԲ鿴Õý±£»á¼ÆÍøУ»á¼ÆʵÎñƵµÀ£¬ С¶Õþ¸®»á¼ÆÖƶȡ·Æ½ÐзÖ¼ºËËã¾ÙÀý

¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÊÇ»á¼ÆѧµÄÒ»¸öÐÂÐ˵ÄÖØÒª·Ö֧ѧ¿Æ,ÊÇÊг¡¾­¼ÃµÄ²úÎï¡£×Ô´ÓÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄ¸ÅÄî±»Ê×´ÎÌá³öÖ®ºó,¾­¹ýÐí¶àѧÕß½ü°ë¸öÊÀ¼ÍµÄ¼á³Ö²»Ð¸µÄŬÁ¦ºÍÑо¿,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÒÑÖð²½½¨Á¢ÆðÒ»Ì×½ÏÍêÉƵÄÀíÂÛÌåϵ¡£Ëæ×Å֪ʶ¾­¼Ãʱ´úµÄµ½À´,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ±»ÈËÃÇƵƵÌáÆð,ÆóÒµ±ÈÒÔÇ°µÄÈκÎʱºò¶¼¸üÆÈÇеØÐèÒªÕâÒ»ÌØÊâµÄ»á¼Æ·þÎñ¡£ÎÄÕÂͨ¹ýÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÌṩµÄ³É±¾¡¢¼ÛÖµµÈ·½ÃæÐÅÏ¢À´²ûÊöÈçºÎ½«ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÖС£ ¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ;ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼Æ;ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµ»á¼Æ;ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí ¡¾Abstract¡¿Human resource accounting is a new important branch of accounting. It is the result of market economics. The concept of human resource accounting has been made for the first time, the unremitting efforts and research of many scholars for nearly half a century, human resources accounting has been gradually establish a more perfect theoretical system. With the era of knowledge-based economy, human resources accounting has been frequently raised, enterprises urgently need the special accounting services more than ever before. Through the information of the cost and value that has been supplied from human resources accounting, this article expatiate on the application of human resources accounting in the human resources management ¡¾Key words¡¿Human resource accounting;Human resource cost accounting; Human resource value accounting; Human resource management Ëæ×Å֪ʶ¾­¼ÃµÄµ½À´,ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾½«³ÉΪ¾­¼ÃÔö³¤µÄºËÐÄ×ʱ¾,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄÖØÒªÐÔÒѾ­ÎªÎÒ¹úÀíÂÛ½çºÍÆäËûÈËÊ¿ÈÏͬ¡£µ«ÊÇÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ»¹Î´ÕæÕýÓ¦Óõ½ÆóÒµµÄ¹ÜÀíÓÈÆäÊÇÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµ±ÖÐ,±¾ÎÄÊÔͼ´ÓÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄ¸÷¸ö·½ÃæÀ´²ûÊöÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí¸÷¸ö»·½ÚÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃÀ´½â¾öÆóÒµÓ¦ÓÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄÎÊÌâ[1]¡£ 1 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ¸ÅÊö ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ²úÉúÓÚ20 ÊÀ¼Í60 Äê´úµÄÃÀ¹ú, ×îÔçÊÇÓÉÃÀ¹úÃÜÖ´°²´óѧµÄ»á¼Æѧ¼ÒºÕÂüÉ­(G.Hermanson) ÓÚ1964 ÄêÔÚ¡¶ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ¡·ÖÐÊ×´ÎÌá³öµÄ¡£ËæºóÐËÆðÁ˶ÔÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄÑо¿, ÃÀ¹ú»á¼Æѧ»á(AAA)Õþ¸®»á¼ÆʦЭ»á(GAA)¼°È«¹ú»á¼ÆʦЭ»á(NAA) µÈ×éÖ¯³¤ÆÚÖÂÁ¦ÓÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÀíÂۺͷ½·¨µÄ̽ÌÖ¡£ÎÒ¹úÓÚ80 Äê´úÒýÈëÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ, Ðí¶àѧÕß½øÐÐÁËÕâ·½ÃæµÄÑо¿¡£ËùνÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´²ÆÎñ»á¼ÆÊÇÒÔ»á¼ÆÔ­ÔòΪ׼Éþ, Ö÷Òª¼ø±ð¡¢¼ÆÁ¿ÓëÌṩÓйØÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ»õ±ÒÐÔÐÅÏ¢[2], ÒÔʹÐÅϢʹÓÃÕß×ö³öÕýÈ·ÅжϺ;ö²ßµÄ×é֯ϵͳ; ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí»á¼ÆÊÇÀûÓÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ»õ±ÒÐÔÐÅÏ¢¼°ÆäËûÐÅÏ¢, ¶ÔÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´½øÐÐÑ¡Ôñ¡¢¿ª·¢¡¢ÅäÖᢱ£»¤¡¢ÆÀ¼ÛµÈµÄ»á¼Æ¹ÜÀí»î¶¯¡£¾­¹ý½ü50ÄêµÄ·¢Õ¹,ÍêÉƵÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼Æ¡¢ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµ»á¼ÆºÍÀͶ¯ÕßȨÒæ»á¼ÆµÈÄÚÈÝ¡£ 2 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄÓ¦ÓÃÏÖ×´ 2.1 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚ¹úÍâÓ¦ÓõÄÏÖ×´¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚ¹úÍâµÃµ½ÁËÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈµÄÍƹãÓ¦Óá£ÓÐЩ×éÖ¯ÒѽøÐйýÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼ÆÖƶȵÄÉè¼Æ,½«ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ×éÖ¯ÄÚ²¿ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄ¸÷¸ö·½Ãæ¡£×ÜÌå¶øÑÔ,Éд¦ÓÚ¸ö±ðÊÔÑé½×¶Î¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚ·þÎñÐÔ×éÖ¯µÄÊÔÑéÑо¿¡£60Äê´úÄ©,ÃÀ¹úµÄ×¢²á¹«¹²»á¼ÆʦÊÂÎñËùÖеÄͼÆæ ÂÞ˹¹«Ë¾µÄÃÉÌØÀû¶ûÓªÒµËùºÍÀï˹ÌØ ÍþÌع«Ë¾Ïà¼Ì·¢Õ¹ÁËÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼ÆÖƶÈ¡£¸ÃÖƶȵÄÓ¦ÓÃÒѱ»Ö¤Ã÷ÄÜΪ¹ÜÀí´øÀ´¾Þ´óµÄЧÒæ¡£Àï˹ÌØ ÍþÌع«Ë¾ÔòÉè¼ÆÁ˸üΪÏêϸµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾¼ÆÁ¿Ä£ÐÍ,ËüÖ÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ýÐÞ¶©ÊÂÎñËùÏÖÓлá¼ÆÖƶȵÄÕË»§Í¼Ê½·¢Õ¹ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼ÆÖƶÈ,²¢½«Ö®¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄ¸÷¸ö·½Ãæ¡£80Äê´úºó,ÃÀ¹úÁù´ó»á¼ÆʦÊÂÎñËù¡¢ÃÀ¹ú½ðÈÚ»ú¹¹¡¢ÃÀ¹úº½Ì칫˾µÈÒ²Ïà¼Ì²ÉÓÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚ¹¤ÒµÆóÒµµÄÊÔÑéÑо¿¡£60Äê´úÄ©ÆÚ,ÃÀ¹úÖÆÔìÒµµÄ°ÍÀ﹫˾ÂÊÏÈÓ¦ÓÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ,²¢ÓÚ1970ºÍ1971ÄêµÈ¼¸¸öÄê¶È·Ö±ðÌṩÁ˲ÉÓÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼ÆºÍ´«Í³»á¼Æ¶ÔÊÕÒæºÍ×ʲú½øÐд¦ÀíµÄ²»Í¬²ÆÎñ±¨±í¡£°ÍÀ﹫˾½«ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼ÆÓ¦ÓÃÓÚ¹«Ë¾µÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼Æ»®¡¢Õ½ÂԹ滮ºÍÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí¿ØÖƵȸ÷¸ö·½Ãæ,È¡µÃÁ˺ܺõÄЧ¹û¡£80Äê´úºó,ÃÀ¹ú´óÐÍÒ½Ò©¹«Ë¾¡¢Í¨ÓõçÆ÷¹«Ë¾¡¢ÔÚÅ·Ö޵ĴóÐÍ¿ç¹úÆóÒµ¼°¼ÓÄôóµÄ¸ñÁַƶûµÂº½¿Õ¹¤Òµ¹«Ë¾µÈÏà¼Ì²ÉÓÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ,¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíºÍÒµ¼¨ÆÀ¼ÛµÈ·½Ãæ¡£ 2.2 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÎÒ¹úÓ¦ÓõÄÏÖ×´¡£ Ä¿Ç°,ÎÒ¹úÕý´¦ÓÚÏò¹úÄÚ½éÉܺÍÒý½øÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄ½×¶Î,ËäÈ»ÏÖÔÚ»¹Ã»ÓÐÆóÒµÍêȫʵÐÐÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ,µ«Ðí¶àÆóÒµ¼ºÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄijһЩ·½Ãæ½øÐÐʵ¼ù¡£Ê×ÏÈ,ÆóÒµÒѾ­¿ªÊ¼ÕæÕýÖØÊÓÖ°¹¤µÄ Ö÷ÈËÎÌ µØλ¡£Æä´Î,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµ»á¼ÆÒ²±»ÆóÒµÓÐÒâʶÎÞÒâʶµØÓ¦Óá£ÀýÈç,ij²úȨÆÀ¹À»ú¹¹¶Ôº¼ÖÝÖÐÌ©ºÏ×ÊÕý´óÇà´º±¦Ò©ÒµÓÐÏÞ¹«Ë¾×ܾ­Àí·ë¸ù±¦½øÐÐÆÀ¹À,ÈÏΪËûµÄ¼ÛֵΪ1ÒÚ¶àÔª¡£ÕâЩÀý×ÓÊÇÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµ»á¼Æ»õ±ÒÐÔ¼ÆÁ¿µÄÒ»¸ö¼ÆÁ¿Ó¦ÓÃ,µ«»¹Ã»ÓÐÏñ´«Í³»á¼ÆÄÇÑù½øÐлá¼ÆÐÅÏ¢·´Ó³[3]¡£ ÓÉÓÚÉç»á¿Í¹ÛÒòËصÄÖÆÔ¼ÒÔ¼°ÀíÂÛ±¾ÉíÐèÒªÉîÈëÑо¿µÄÎÊÌâ,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÏÖÔÚ»¹²»¿ÉÄÜÁ¢¼´¹ã·º¸¶Öîʵʩ,Ö÷ÒªÄǸö¾Í²»ÄÜÌåÏÖÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÆóÒµ¹ÜÀíÖÐÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹Ê¹ÜÀíÖÐÓ¦ÓеļÛÖµ¡£ÒªÈÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ±ä³É¿ÉÄÜ,¾ÍÒª´´ÔìÌõ¼þÒÀ¾ÝÒÔ½â¾öÆäÖÆÔ¼ÒòËØ,ÏÂÎÊÖ÷Ҫͨ¹ýÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄ³É±¾¡¢¼ÛÖµµÈÄÚÈÝÀ´Ì½ÌÖÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÖеÄÓ¦ÓÐ,ʹÆä¾ßÓÐÓ¦ÓõļÛÖµ,ΪÆóÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹ÌṩÏàÓ¦µÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ 3 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÖеÄÓ¦Óà ÊÀ½ç·¶Î§µÄ¸ßм¼Êõ¸ïÃüºÍ½ø²½µÄÀ˳±,¼º½«ÊÀ½ç¸÷¹úµÄ¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹´Ó×ÔÈ»×ÊÔ´,´«Í³×ʱ¾×ÊÔ´¾ºÕùÍÆÏòÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¾ºÕù¡£Îª´Ë,»á¼ÆϵͳÔÚÖð½¥Í»ÆÆ ÎᄀÆä²Å¡¢ÊµÃÆäÈË¡¢ÈËÊÂÏàÒË µÄÁìÓò,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÖ÷ҪΧÈÆÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¼Æ»®¡¢È¡µÃ¡¢¿ª·¢¡¢Ê¹ÓᢿØÖÆ¡¢·ÖÅä¼°ÆÀ¼ÛµÈ·½ÃæÀ´È·ÈϼÆÁ¿¼°Åû¶ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾¡¢¼ÛÖµÒÔ¼°ÀͶ¯ÕßȨÒæµÈ·½ÃæµÄÎÊÌâ,ΪÆóÒµ¹ÜÀí²ãÌṩÏàÓ¦µÄÐÅÏ¢,´Ó¶øΪÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí,±£³Ö¾ºÕùÓÅÊÆ,È«·½ÃæµÄÌṩÓйزÆÁ¦¡¢ÎïÁ¦×ÊÔ´ºÍÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ 3.1 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆΪÆóÒµÌṩÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ ÏÖÐвÆÎñ»á¼Æϵͳ×îÖÕ½«Éú³É²ÆÎñ»á¼Æ±¨¸æ,¶øÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖÐÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾Ö»±»ÊÓΪ·ÑÓÃ,±»¼ÇÈëÉú²ú³É±¾»òÆÚ¼ä·ÑÓÃ,¶ÔÓÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾¹ÜÀí²¢Ã»Óжà´óÒâÒå¡£Ëæ×ÅÈ˱¾¹ÜÀí˼ÏëÔÚÆóÒµ¹ÜÀíÖеĹ㷺ӦÓÃ,ÆóÒµ¶ÔÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¿ª·¢Ò²Êܵ½ÖØÊÓ,´Ó¶øÒªÇó½«ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾×÷Ϊ³É±¾¹ÜÀíµÄÒ»ÏîÖ÷ÒªÄÚÈÝÀ´½øÐйÜÀí¡£ 3.1.1 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´È¡µÃ³É±¾ÔÚÈËÔ±ÕÐƸ¡¢Ñ¡°ÎÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ[4]¡£ 3.1.1.1 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´È¡µÃ³É±¾µÄº­Òå¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´È¡µÃ°üÀ¨ÈËÁ¦ÕÐƸ¡¢Ñ¡°Î¡¢¹ÍÓ¶µÈһϵÁÐÂú×ãÆóҵĿǰ¼°Ô¤ÆÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ÐèÇóµÄ»î¶¯¹ý³Ì¡£ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄÈ¡µÃ³É±¾ÊÇÖ¸ÆóÒµÔÚÕÐļ¼ÓÃÔ±¹¤µÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐËù·¢ÉúµÄ¸÷ÖÖÖ§³ö¡£ËüÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨ÕÐļ³É±¾¡¢Ñ¡°Î³É±¾¡¢Â¼Óóɱ¾ºÍ°²Öóɱ¾¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´È¡µÃ³É±¾ ÕÊ»§ÓÃÀ´ºËËãÆóÒµÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´È¡µÃ·½ÃæͶ×Ê×ܶîµÄÔö¼Ó¡¢¼õÉÙ¼°ÆäÓà¶î¡£ ÕË»§µÄ½è·½µÇ¼ÇÈ¡µÃÈËÁ¦×ÊԴʱËù·¢ÉúµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾µÄÔö¼Ó¶î,´û·½µÇ¼Ç×÷Ϊ·ÑÓüÆÈëµ±ÆÚËðÒæ¶øת³öµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄʹÓóɱ¾ºÍÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´Í˳öÆóҵʱËù³å¼õµÄ¸ÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄÈ¡µÃ³É±¾¡£Í¨¹ý¶ÔÀúÊ·Êý¾ÝµÄ»ýÀۺͻã×Ü,¿ÉÒÔÖƶ¨¸÷ÖÖְλ¡¢¸÷ÖÖÕÐƸ·½Ê½µÄ±ê×¼³É±¾,´Ó¶ø¿ÉÒÔΪÕÐƸԤËãµÄÖƶ¨ÌṩÊý¾Ý,Ò²¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊ¿ØÖÆÕÐƸ¹¤×÷µÄÒÀ¾Ý¡£ 3.1.1.2 ÕÐƸ·½Ê½µÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£ ²»Í¬ÕÐƸ·½Ê½²úÉúµÄЧ¹û¼°Í¶×ÊÊÕÒæÊDz»Í¬µÄ,Õâ¾ÍÐèÒª¶ÔÕÐƸͶ×ʽøÐÐÊÕÒæ·ÖÎö¡£µ±ÕÐƸ»î¶¯·¢Éúʱ,²»½öÒªÔ¤²âÕÐƸ·½Ê½Ëù´øÀ´µÄ×ÜÊÕÒ滹ҪԤ²âÆä·¢ÉúµÄ³É±¾,ͨ¹ý±È½ÏÁ½ÕßÖ®²îÀ´ºâÁ¿ÕÐƸ·½Ê½µÄÓÅÔ½¡£Æ乫ʽΪ: Ô¤²âÕÐƸ¾»ÊÕÒæ=Ô¤²âÕÐƸ×ÜÊÕÒæ-ÈËÔ±ÕÐƸ×ÜÖ§³ö =N R SDy Z-N C/ SR(1)[5] ʽÖÐ:NΪʵ¼ÊÕÐƸµÄÈËÊý;RΪÕÐƸ¹ý³ÌÓÐЧÐÔÖ¸±ê,½éÓÚ0Óë1Ö®¼ä;SDyΪӦƸºóʵ¼Ê¹¤×÷¼¨Ð§µÄ²î±ð,ÊDz»Í¬ÉêÇëÈËÿÄ깤×÷¼¨Ð§µÄ²î±ð;ZΪ±»Â¼ÓÃÕßÔÚÕÐƸ¹ý³ÌÖеÄƽ¾ù²âÊԳɼ¨,È¡ÖµÒ»°ãÔÚ+3.0ÖÁ-3.0Ö®¼ä;CΪȫ²¿ÉêÇëÕßÈ˾ùÕÐƸ³É±¾;SRΪ¼ÓÃÂÊ¡£ ͨ¹ý¹«Ê½(1)¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³ö²»Í¬ÕÐƸ·½Ê½Ëù´øÀ´µÄÊÕÒæ±ä»¯,´Ó¶øΪÆóҵѡÔñ×îÓŵÄÕÐƸ·½Ê½Ìṩ²Î¿¼¡£ 3.1.2 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢³É±¾ÔÚÈËÔ±µÄÅàѵÓ뿪·¢ÖеÄÓ¦Óᣠ3.1.2.1 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢³É±¾µÄº­Òå¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢³É±¾ÊÇÖ¸ÆóҵΪÁËʹÐÂƸÓõÄÈËÔ±ÊìϤÆóÒµ¡¢´ïµ½¾ßÌ幤×÷¸ÚλËùÒªÇóµÄÒµÎñˮƽ»òΪÁËÌá¸ßÔÚ¸ÚÈËÔ±µÄËØÖʶø¿ªÕ¹½ÌÓýÅàѵ¹¤×÷ʱËù·¢ÉúµÄÖ§³ö,°üÀ¨¶¨Ïò³É±¾¡¢ÔÚÖ°Åàѵ³É±¾ºÍÍѲúÅàѵ³É±¾¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢³É±¾ ÕÊ»§ÓÃÀ´ºËËãÆóÒµÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢·½ÃæͶ×Ê×ܶîºÍÔö¼Ó¡¢¼õÉÙ¼°ÆäÓà¶î¡£ÕË»§µÄ½è·½µÇ¼Ç¿ª·¢ÈËÁ¦×ÊԴʱËù·¢ÉúµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾µÄÔö¼Ó¶î,´û·½µÇ¼Ç×÷Ϊ·ÑÓüÆÈëµ±ÆÚËðÒæ¶øת³öµÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄʹÓóɱ¾ºÍÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´Í˳öÆóҵʱËù³å¼õµÄ¸ÃÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¿ª·¢³É±¾¡£ 3.1.2.2 ÅàѵͶ×ÊÊÕÒæ·ÖÎö¡£ ÆóÒµ¶ÔÔ±¹¤½øÐеÄÖ°Åàѵ·ÖΪÔÚÖ°ÅàѵºÍÍѲúÅàѵÁ½ÖÖ,²»¹ÜÊÇÄÇÖÖÅàѵÆäÄ¿µÄ¶¼ÊÇͨ¹ýÅàѵÌá¸ßÔ±¹¤µÄ¼¼ÊõºÍÄÜÁ¦,´Ó¶øÌá¸ßÀͶ¯Éú²úÂÊ,ΪÆóÒµ´øÀ´¸ü´óµÄ¾­¼ÃЧÒæ¡£ÏÂÃæͨ¹ý¾­Ñ鹫ʽ·¨¶ÔÅàѵ²úÉúµÄ¾­¼ÃÊÕÒæ×ö³ö·ÖÎöÆÀ¹À¡£Ëùν¾­Ñ鹫ʽ·¨¾ÍÊÇͨ¹ý¶ÔÔ±¹¤½øÐÐÅàѵµÄÓйØÖ¸±ê½øÐмÆËã²¢·ÖÎöͶ×ÊÊÕÒæµÄ·½·¨¡£Æä¼ÆËãµÄ¹«Ê½Îª: ¡÷U =T N (xe-xc)/(SD R) SDy-N C(2) ʽÖÐ:¡÷UΪÅàѵµÄ¾»ÊÕÒæ;TΪÅàѵ½«ÊÜÒæµÄʱ¼ä(Äê);NΪÊÜѵÕßÊýÁ¿;XeΪÒÑÅàѵÕßƽ¾ù¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ; XcΪδ½ÓÊÜÅàѵÕßƽ¾ù¹¤×÷ЧÂÊ;SDΪδÊÜÅàѵÕßƽ¾ù¹¤×÷ЧÂʵıê×¼²î:RΪ¹¤×÷ЧÂÊÆÀ¼Û¹ý³ÌµÄ¿ÉÐÐÐÔ(È粻ͬÆÀ¼ÛÕßÆÀ¶¨½á¹ûµÄÏà¹Ø³Ì¶ÈÉÙ;SDyΪδÊÜÅàѵÕß¹¤×÷³É¼¨µÄ²î±ð(¸ù¾Ý¹úÍâѧÕßµÄÑо¿,Ô¼µÈÓÚÄ깤×ʵÄ40%);CΪÈ˾ùÅàѵ³É±¾(°üÀ¨Ö±½Ó³É±¾ºÍÎó¹¤Ôì³ÉµÄ¼ä½Ó³É±¾)¡£ÔÚʵ¼ÊÔËÓÃÖÐ,´øÈë¾ßÌåÊý¾Ý¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³öÅàѵ¸øÆóÒµ´øÀ´¶à´óµÄ¾­¼ÃЧÒæ,¹úÄÚÍâÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄʵ¼ùÖ¤Ã÷,ÆóÒµÓÃÓÚÖ°¹¤ÔÚÖ°ÅàѵµÄͶ×Ê,Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ¶¼ÊÇ׿ÓÐЧÒæµÄ,ÕâÒ²½øÒ»²½ËµÃ÷Ò»¸öÆóÒµ¶ÔÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢ÓëÅàѵµÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ 3.2 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆΪÆóÒµÌṩÓëÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´Óйصļ¨Ð§ÐÅÏ¢¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆΪÆóÒµÌṩÓëÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾ÓйصıÈÂÊ,À´ºâÁ¿ÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼¨Ð§µÄ×ÜÌå±ä»¯¡£ÏÂÃæÁгö¼¸¸öºâÁ¿Ö¸±ê: 3.2.1 ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾ÊÕÒæϵÊý=ÊÕÈë/È«Ö°µ±Á¿Êý 3.2.2 ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾³É±¾ÏµÊý=ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾³É±¾/È«Ö°µ±Á¿Êý ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾µÄÖ÷Òª³É±¾ÓÐ:¹ÍÔ±ºÍÁÙʱ¹¤µÄн×ÊÓ븣Àû³É±¾¡¢È±Çڳɱ¾ºÍÈËÔ±Á÷¶¯³É±¾¡£ 3.2.3 ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾ÔöÖµ=ÊÕÈë¸÷Ï֧н×ÊÓ븣Àû/È«Ö°µ±Á¿Êý 3.2.4 ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾Í¶×ʻر¨=ÊÕÈ뿪֧н×ÊÓ븣Àû/н×ÊÓ븣Àû ¼ÆËãÉÏÊöÖ¸±êµÄÒªËØËù°üº¬µÄÈ·ÇÐÄÚÈÝÓ¦¸ù¾ÝÆóÒµµÄ¾ßÌåÇé¿ö¶ø¶¨,²»¹ý½«ÕâЩָ±ê½øÐкáÏò¡¢×ÝÏò±È½Ïʱ,ҪעÒâ¿Ú¾¶µÄÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£³ýÁËÌṩÒÔÉÏÕâЩָ±êÍâ,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ»¹ÌṩÁË°üº¬ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾ÊÕÖ§µÄ×ʲú¸ºÕ®±íºÍÀûÈó±í¡£Í¨¹ýÉÏÊöÖ¸±êµÄ¼ÆËã,°ïÖúÆóÒµ¹ÜÀí²ã¸üºÃµØÀí½âÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾µÄ¾­¼Ã¸Ü¸Ë×÷ÓÃ,´Ó¶ø½«ÕâЩָ±ê½øÐÐÇ°ºóÆڱȽÏ,»òͬ±ê¸ËÆóÒµ±È½Ï,ΪÆóÒµµÄ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÌṩÁ¿»¯°ïÖú¡£ 3.3 ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆΪÆóÒµÌṩÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµµÄÐÅÏ¢[6]¡£ ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ²»½öΪÆóÒµÌṩÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢,ͬʱҲ»á¸øÆóÒµÌṩÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾¼ÛÖµ·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£Ëæ×ÅÈ˱¾Ë¼ÏëµÄ¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÒÔ¼°ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÌåϵµÄÍêÉÆ,ÆóÒµÔÚн³êÌåϵµÄ·½°¸Éè¼Æ¾ÍÔ½À´Ô½¶àµÄ¿¼ÂÇÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¼ÛÖµ,ͬÑùÔÚÀûÈó·ÖÅäÖÐÒ²Öð²½ÌåÏÖÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´ËùÓÐȨµÄ¹éÊô¡£ËùÒÔ,½¨Á¢ºÏÀíµÄн³ê¼¤Àø»úÖÆ,³ÐÈÏÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ²úȨ¼ÛÖµ,¶ÔÒ»¸öÆóÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹ÊÇÊ®·Ö±ØÒªµÄ¡£ ¸ù¾ÝÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµ¼ÆÁ¿µÄ½á¹û,¿ÉÒÔ½øÒ»²½¼ÆËã³öÿλԱ¹¤ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾¼ÛÖµ,²¢½«Ô±¹¤ÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾¼ÛÖµµÄ¼ÆËã½á¹ûÓ¦Óõ½ÆóÒµµÄн³ê¼¤Àø»úÖÆÖÐÈ¥,ÈçÆóÒµ¶ÌÆÚ½±½ð±¨³ê¡¢Ô±¹¤³Ö¹É¼Æ»®Éè¼ÆµÈ¡£ ¼ÙÉèÆóÒµÔ±¹¤µÄµÈ¼¶ÎªN,ÿ¸öµÈ¼¶µÄÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾¼ÛֵΪVi,ÔòÓÐÿ¸öµÈ¼¶¹¤×ÊΪSi¡£ºÜÏÔÈ»,ÿ¸öµÈ¼¶µÄ¹¤×Êн³êÓ¦¸ÃÂú×ã: V1¡ÃV2¡ÃV3 Vn=S1¡ÃS2¡ÃS3 Sn(3) ÉÏʽ±íÃ÷,²»¹Ü¹¤×ʱ¨³êÕ¼¹¤×Êн³ê±ÈÀýΪ¶àÉÙ,¸÷¸öµÈ¼¶Ö®¼äµÄ¹¤×ʱÈÀýÓ¦¸Ã·ûºÏÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾¼ÛÖµµÄ´óС±ÈÀý¡£Æóҵн³êÌåϵÉè¼Æ¹ý³ÌÖÐÖ»ÓÐÕæÕýÌåÏÖÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾¼ÛÖµ,²ÅÄÜ´Ó¸ù±¾Éϵ÷¶¯ÀͶ¯ÕߵĻý¼«ÐԺ͹¤×÷ÈÈÇé,Ò²²ÅÄÜ×î´ó³Ì¶ÈµÄÌá¸ßÆóÒµµÄЧÒæ¡£ ³ýÁËÉÏÊöÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆΪÆóÒµÌṩµÄ³É±¾¡¢¼ÛÖµµÈ²ÆÎñÐÅÏ¢Íâ,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ»¹ÎªÆóÒµÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí»î¶¯Ìṩ·Ç²ÆÎñÐÅÏ¢¡£ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí»î¶¯¹ý³ÌÖлá²úÉú´óÁ¿µÄ·Ç²ÆÎñÐÅÏ¢,ÕâЩÊǺâÁ¿ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¶ÔÆóÒµ¼ÛÖµ¹±Ï×µÄÖ¸±ê¡£ÕâЩָ±ê¿ÉÓÃÓÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´Ç÷ÊƺÍÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾ÔöÖµÄÜÁ¦µÄÆÀ¹À,ÒÔ¼°¹ÜÀí¾ö²ßºÍ¹ý³ÌµÄ¿ØÖÆ,ΪʵÏÖÆóҵĿ±êÌṩÏàÓ¦µÄÆÀ¹ÀºÍÔ¤²â¡£ 4 С½á ±¾ÎÄͨ¹ý²ûÊöÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄÓ¦ÓÃÏÖ×´,Ìá³öÁËÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí¸÷¸ö»·½ÚÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ,²¢¸ø³öÁËÏàÓ¦µÄ·½·¨¡£ÓÉÓÚÉç»á¿Í¹ÛÒòËصÄÖÆÔ¼ÒÔ¼°ÀíÂÛ±¾ÉíÐèÒªÉîÈëÑо¿µÄÎÊÌâ,ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÏÖÔÚ»¹²»¿ÉÄÜÁ¢¼´¹ã·º¸¶Öîʵʩ,Ï£ÍûÄܸøʵʩÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ¶ÀÁ¢ºËËãµÄÆóÒµÌṩһ¶¨µÄ½è¼ø×÷ÓÃ,ΪÆóÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹ÌṩÏàÓ¦µÄÐÅÏ¢,ʵÏÖÆóÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹Ä¿±ê¡£ ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× [1]ÎÄÉƶ÷. ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼Æ[M].´óÁ¬:¶«±±²Æ¾­´óѧ³ö°æÉç1996 P195ªª [2]ÑÖ´ïÎå. ¹ØÓÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆµÄ¿ò¼Ü[J]. »á¼ÆÑо¿1996//11 P15~24ªª [3]²ÜÊÀÎÄ. ÊÔ̽ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´»á¼ÆÔÚÆóÒµ¹ÜÀíÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ[J]. ²Æ»áÔ¿¯ 1999.8 12~13 [4]ÁõÐãÓ¢¡¢·ëÖ¥ÇÙ.ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´³É±¾»á¼ÆµÄÓ¦ÓÃ[J]. ²ÆÎñÓë»á¼Æ2003.2, 33~38 [5]Ôø½¨È¨. ¶ÔÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí·½·¨µÄ̽ÌÖ[J]. ÄÚÃɹÅÃñ×å´óѧѧ±¨µÚ27¾íµÚ3ÆÚ 27~322001.8 [6]ÕÅ»ÝÖÒ.ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¼ÛÖµ·ÖÎö[J].ËÄ´¨»á¼Æ,1999,7 ÔðÈα༭£ºÀÏA ¹ØÓÚÈËÁ¦×ʱ¾×÷ΪÆóÒµÖƶÈÒªËصÄ˼¿¼

401-9025-217
¹¤×÷ʱ¼ä  08:00 - 17:00