ÉϺ£´ú¿ª×â·¿·¢Æ±-´ú¿ªÉϺ£³¡µØ×âÁÞ·¢Æ±¡¼¿ªÆ±£½øÕ¾×Éѯ¡½É½¶«·¢Æ±| ´ú¿ªÉÌÆ··¢Æ±| ´ú¿ª½»Í¨·¢Æ±| ÉÌÇð·¢Æ±| ´ú¿ªµç×Ó·¢Æ±| ²Í·ÑƱ| ³ÏÐÅ¿É¿¿~»¶Ó×Éѯ£¨adpfgsl£©ºâµÂ²Æ˰רע²ÆË°·þÎñ; qkkË°Îñ³ï»®; qkkתÈÃ; qkk´úÀí¼ÇÕË; qkk×¢Ïú¹«Ë¾; qkk±¨Ë°; qkk»á¼Æ·þÎñ¡£
»á¼ÆÕ˲¾¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÄļ¸Àࣿ
ÎÊÌ⣺µç×Ó¾ÖÉç±£É걨ÆÚÏÞÊǶà¾Ã£¿´ð°¸£º°´ÕÕÏÖÐй涨£¬²Î±£ÈËÔ±½É·ÑÄêÏÞÀÛ¼ÆÂú15Ä꣬´ïµ½ÍËÐÝÄêÁäʱ¿ÉÒÔ°´ÔÂÁìÈ¡ÑøÀϽð¡£ÑøÀϽðµÄ¶àÉÙÓë½É·Ñ»ùÊýµÄ¸ßµÍ¡¢½É·ÑÄêÏ޵ij¤¶ÌÓйØ.½É·Ñʱ¼äÔ½³¤£¬½É·Ñ»ùÊýÔ½¸ß£¬ÑøÀϽðÒ²¾ÍÏàÓ¦Ôö¸ß£¬·´Ö®¾ÍµÍ£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃǽ¨ÒéÔÚ½ÉÂú15ÄêÖ®ºó£¬¼ÌÐø°´¹æ¶¨½ÉÄÉÑøÀϱ£ÏÕµ½ÍËÐÝÄêÁäΪֹ¡£Èç¹ûȷʵÓÐÀ§ÄÑÎÞÁ¦½É·Ñ£¬µÈ´ïµ½¹æ¶¨µÄÍËÐÝÄêÁäʱ,½«°´Êµ¼ÊµÄ½É·ÑÄêÏÞ¼ÆËãÑøÀϽð¡£Ñ§¸ü¶à²ÆË°×ÊѶ¡¢²Æ¾·¨¹æ¡¢×¨¼ÒÎÊ´ð¡¢ÄÜÁ¦²âÆÀ¡¢£¬¿ÉÒԲ鿴Õý±£»á¼ÆÍøУƵµÀ£¬ ¶þ·¿¶«×â·¿¿ÉÒÔÉêÇë¸öË°¼õÃâÂð£¿
¹¤³§¹ºÂò³ø·¿ÓÃÆ·£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¡°¹Ì¶¨×ʲú¡±¡¢¡°¹ÜÀí·ÑÓᱡ¢¡°Ó¦¸¶Ö°¹¤Ð½³ê¡±µÈ»á¼Æ¿ÆÄ¿½øÐкËË㣬¾ßÌå»á¼Æ·Ö¼ÊÇʲô£¿ ¹¤³§¹ºÂò³ø·¿ÓÃÆ·»á¼Æ·Ö¼1¡¢¹¤³§¹ºÂò³ø·¿ÓÃÆ·×÷Ϊ¹Ì¶¨×ʲúµÄÇé¿ö£¬ÐèÒª±àÖƵĻá¼Æ·Ö¼ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º½è£º¹Ì¶¨×ʲú ´û£ºÒøÐдæ¿î£¨¿â´æÏֽ𣩼ÆÌáÕÛ¾Éʱ£º½è£º¹ÜÀí·ÑÓ᪡ª¸£Àû·Ñ ´û£ºÀÛ¼ÆÕÛ¾É2¡¢×÷Ϊµ±ÆÚËðÒæµÄÇé¿ö£¬ÐèÒª±àÖƵĻá¼Æ·Ö¼ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º½è£º¹ÜÀí·ÑÓà ´û£ºÒøÐдæ¿î£¨¿â´æÏÖ½ð£©3¡¢¹¤³§¹ºÂò³ø·¿ÓÃÆ·×÷Ϊ²ÄÁϵÄÇé¿ö£¬ÐèÒª±àÖƵĻá¼Æ·Ö¼ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º½è£º¹ÜÀí·ÑÓ᪡ª¸£Àû·Ñ ´û£ºÓ¦¸¶Ö°¹¤Ð½³ê¡ª¡ª¸£Àû·ÑÖ§¸¶²ÄÁÏ·Ñʱ£º½è£ºÓ¦¸¶Ö°¹¤Ð½³ê¡ª¡ª¸£Àû·Ñ ´û£ºÒøÐдæ¿î4¡¢¹¤³§¹ºÂò³ø·¿Ò׺ÄÆ·Óþߣ¬ÐèÒª±àÖƵĻá¼Æ·Ö¼ÈçÏÂËùʾ£º½è£ºÖÜת²ÄÁÏ¡ª¡ªµÍÖµÒ׺ÄÆ· ´û£ºÒøÐдæ¿î£¨¿â´æÏÖ½ð£©Ì¯Ïúʱ£º½è£º¹ÜÀí·ÑÓ᪡ª¸£Àû·Ñ ´û£ºÖÜת²ÄÁÏ¡ª¡ªµÍÖµÒ׺ÄÆ·¶ÔÓÚ¹ºÂòеijø·¿ÓÃÆ·£¬¾ßÌå·ÖΪÒÔϼ¸ÖÖÇé¿ö£º1¡¢Èç¹ûÊdzø·¿É豸£¬Ôò¼ÇΪ¡°¹Ì¶¨×ʲú¡±£¬ÆäÕ۾ɼÇΪ¡°¸£Àû·Ñ¡±£»2¡¢Èç¹ûÊDzÄÁÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó¼ÆÈë¡°¸£Àû·Ñ¡±£»3¡¢ÊôÓÚ³ø·¿Ò׺ÄÆ·µÄ£¬¼ÇΪ¡°µÍÖµÒ׺ÄÆ·¡±£¬Ì¯Ïú¼ÇΪ¡°¸£Àû·Ñ¡±£»¹Ì¶¨×ʲú¿ÆÄ¿ºËËãʲô£¿¹Ì¶¨×ʲú¿ÆÄ¿ºËËãÆóÒµ³ÖÓеĹ̶¨×ʲúÔ¼Û¡£°üÀ¨½¨Ôì³Ð°üÉ̵ÄÁÙʱÉèÊ©£¬ÒÔ¼°ÆóÒµ¹ºÖüÆËã»úÓ²¼þËù¸½´øµÄ¡¢Î´µ¥¶À¼Æ¼ÛµÄÈí¼þ¡£ÆóÒµ¿É°´¹Ì¶¨×ʲúÀà±ðºÍÏîÄ¿½øÐÐÃ÷ϸºËËã¡£ÆÚÄ©¸Ã¿ÆÄ¿½è·½Óà¶î£¬·´Ó³ÆóÒµ¹Ì¶¨×ʲúµÄÔ¼Û¡£Ô±¹¤¹¤É˵ÄÒ½Ò©·ÑÔõô×ö»á¼Æ·Ö¼£¿
¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷ÊÇÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷µÄ»ù´¡ºÍÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£±¾ÎĶÔÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÏÖ×´ºÍ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ½øÐзÖÎö,²¢¸ù¾Ý¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄÓйØÀíÂÛºÍÏȽøʵ¼ù,Ìá³öÁËÏàÓ¦¶Ô²ß¡£ ¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí ÊÂÒµµ¥Î» ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÊǸ÷¼¶¹ÜÀíÕߺÍÔ±¹¤Îª´ïµ½×é֯Ŀ±ê¹²Í¬²ÎÓëµÄ¼¨Ð§¼Æ»®Öƶ¨¡¢¼¨Ð§¸¨µ¼¹µÍ¨¡¢¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËÆÀ¼Û¡¢¼¨Ð§½á¹ûÓ¦Óᢼ¨Ð§Ä¿±êÌáÉýµÄ³ÖÐøÑ»·¹ý³Ì,ÊÇÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷µÄÖØÒªÄÚÈݼ°»ù´¡ÐÔ¹¤×÷¡£¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÔÚÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÖеĺËÐĵØλÖ÷ÒªÌåÏÖÔÚ,×éÖ¯µÄÕûÌåÔË×÷ЧÂʺͼÛÖµ´´ÔìÒÀÀµÓÚ¸÷²¿ÃÅ¡¢³ÉÔ±µÄ¼¨Ð§±íÏÖ,ͬʱ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ½á¹ûÔÚÈËÔ±ÅäÖá¢Åàѵ¿ª·¢¡¢Ð½³ê¹ÜÀí¡¢ÕÐƸѡ°ÎµÈ·½ÃæÒ²ÓÐÖØÒªµÄÖ¸µ¼ÒâÒå¡£½ü¼¸ÄêÀ´,ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÔÚ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄʵ¼ùÖ⻶Ï̽Ë÷,½¨Á¢ÁËÒÔÕûÌ׵Ŀ¼ºËÖƶÈ,Öð²½Ïò¿Æѧ»¯¡¢¹æ·¶»¯·¢Õ¹,µ«ÈÔÓв»ÉÙÖµµÃ×¢ÒâºÍ²»ÈݺöÊÓµÄÎÊÌâ,Ó¦¸ÃÒýÆðÖØÊÓ²¢¼ÓÒԸĽø¡£ ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ,ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÊÇΪÁËÉç»á¹«ÒæÄ¿µÄ,ÓÉ»ú¹Ø¾Ù°ì»òÕßÆäËû×éÖ¯ÀûÓùúÓÐ×ʲú¾Ù°ìµÄ,´ÓʽÌÓý¡¢¿Æ¼¼¡¢ÎÄ»¯¡¢ÎÀÉúµÈ»î¶¯µÄÉç»á·þÎñ×éÖ¯¡£Ä¿Ç°ÖйúÓи÷ÀàÊÂÒµµ¥Î»130¶àÍò¸ö,¹úÓÐ×ʲú3000¶àÒÚÔª,¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±2900¶àÍòÈË,¼¯ÖÐÁËÖйú70%ÒÔÉϵĿÆÑÐÈËÔ±¡¢95%ÒÔÉϵĽÌʦºÍÒ½Éú,¿ÉÒÔ˵È˲ÅÜöÝÍ¡£¾¡¹ÜÈç´Ë,ÎÒÃÇÈÔÈ»³£³£¿´µ½,²»ÉÙÊÂÒµµ¥Î»µÄ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí,¾ÍÊÇÿÄêÄêÖÕ½øÐÐÒ»´Î ˼Ï빤×÷×ܽá ,ËùÓõĿ¼ºËÖ¸±ê²»Íâºõ µÂ¡¢ÄÜ¡¢ÇÚ¡¢¼¨¡¢Á® ,¾¡¹ÜÆÀ¼ÛµÈ´ÎÓÐ ÓÅÐã¡¢ºÏ¸ñ¡¢»ù±¾ºÏ¸ñ¡¢²»ºÏ¸ñ ËÄÀà,¶ø½á¹ûÍùÍùÊÇ·ÇÓÅÐã¼´ºÏ¸ñ¡£¾ßÌå¶øÑÔ,Ä¿Ç°ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÖ÷Òª´æÔÚÒÔÏÂÎÊÌâ: (1)¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíϵͳÐÔ²»Ç¿¡£ÏÖ´ú¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛÈÏΪ,¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÊÇÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄϵͳ,Óɼ¨Ð§¼Æ»®¡¢¼¨Ð§ÊµÊ©Óë¹ÜÀí¡¢¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀí¡¢¼¨Ð§·´À¡Ëĸö²¿·Ö×é³É,ÕâËĸö²¿·ÖÊÇ»·»·Ïà¿Û,ȱһ²»¿É¡£¶øÔÚһЩÊÂÒµµ¥Î»,¼òµ¥µØ°Ñ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀíµ±³ÉÁ˼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí,ȱÉÙ¼¨Ð§¼Æ»®¡¢¼¨Ð§ÊµÊ©¹ÜÀí¡¢¼¨Ð§·´À¡µÈ»·½Ú¡£ (2)¼¨Ð§Ö¸±êÌåϵ·Ö½â²»½¡È«¡£¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄÒ»¸öÖØÒª»·½Ú¾ÍÊǼ¨Ð§Ö¸±êµÄ²ã²ã·Ö½â¡£¸ù¾Ýµ¥Î»µÄÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±êºÍ¾ÓªÄ¿±ê,Ã÷È·¸÷²¿ÃŵŤ×÷Ö°ÔðºÍ¿¼ºËÄ¿±ê,ÔÚ½«Ö°ÔðºÍÄ¿±êºÏÀí·Ö½âµ½Ã¿¸öÖ°¹¤ÉíÉÏ,»·»·Ïà¿Û,²ã²ãÂäʵ¡£ÕâÑù,Ö»ÒªËùÓÐÖ°¹¤µÄ¼¨Ð§Ä¿±êʵÏÖÁË,²¿ÃÅÄ¿±ê¾Í¿ÉÒÔʵÏÖ,µ¥Î»Ä¿±êÒ²¾ÍʵÏÖÁË¡£ (3)Ö¸±êÉè¼ÆÁ÷³Ì¹ýÓÚ¼òµ¥¡¢Á¿»¯²»×ã¡£ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀíÖÐ,±»¿¼ºË·½ÔÚ¼¨Ð§¼Æ»®¡¢ºâÁ¿±ê×¼µÄÈ·¶¨µÈ·½Ãæ²ÎÓë²»×ã,Èñ»¿¼ºË·½¾õµÃ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËÊÇÒ»ÖּලºÍ³Í·£µÄÊֶΡ£¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÖ¸±êµÄÖƶ¨¹ý³ÌÍùÍùÊÇÉϼ¶Ï´ïµÄ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÖ¸±ê,Ö¸±êÉèÖõĺÏÀíÐÔ»·½ÚûÓеõ½Ó¦ÓеÄÖØÊÓ,Ö¸±êÖƶ¨ºóȱ·¦¼°Ê±µ÷ÕûÐÞ¶©»·½Ú,ÖÂʹijЩָ±êʧȥÁ˼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄÒâÒå¡£ (4)ȱ·¦¶Ô¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí±ØÒªµÄÅàѵ¡£ÔÚ¹¤×÷ʵ¼ÊÖÐ,¶ÔÖ°¹¤ÌرðÊǶԾßÌå²ÎÓ뼨Ч¿¼ÆÀµÄ¹ÜÀíÈËԱȱ·¦±ØÒªµÄ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí֪ʶÅàѵºÍ¸¨µ¼¡£¼¨Ð§¿¼ÆÀ²»½öÈ¡¾öÓÚÆÀ¼Ûϵͳ±¾ÉíµÄ¿ÆѧÐÔÓë¿É¿¿ÐÔ,»¹È¡¾öÓÚÆÀ¼ÛÕßµÄÆÀ¼ÛÄÜÁ¦,ÆÀ¼ÛÕßµÄÈκÎÖ÷¹ÛʧÎó»ò¶ÔÆÀ¼ÛÖ¸±êºÍÆÀ¼Û±ê×¼µÄÈÏʶÎó²î¶¼»áÔںܴó³Ì¶ÈÉÏÓ°ÏìÆÀ¼ÛµÄ׼ȷÐÔ,½ø¶øÓ°ÏìÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÆäËü»·½ÚµÄÓÐЧÐÔ¡£ Ëæ×ÅÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÀíÂÛºÍʵ¼ùµÄ·¢Õ¹,¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÖг£¼ûµÄһЩÎÊÌⶼÖ𲽵õ½Á˽â¾ö¡£Õë¶ÔÊÂÒµµ¥Î»µÄÌØÊâÐÔ,±¾ÎÄÈÏΪ,Ö÷Òª¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÈ¡ÒÔÏ´ëÊ©ÍêÉƼ¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÌåϵ: (1)½¨Á¢ºÍÍêÉƼ¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÌåϵ¡£É¶Ô¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÌåϵÄÚºµÄÈÏʶ,ͨ¹ý¼¨Ð§¼Æ»®¡¢¼¨Ð§ÊµÊ©¡¢¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀí¡¢¼¨Ð§·´À¡ÓëÃæ̸ºÍ¼¨Ð§¸Ä½øÓ뼨Ч½á¹ûµÄÓ¦ÓÃÕâÎå¸ö½ôÃÜÁªÏµµÄ»·½Ú,°Ñ¹Ø¼ü¼¨Ð§Ö¸±ê²ã²ã·Ö½âÖÁ²¿ÃÅ¡¢ÖвãºÍÒ»°ã¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±¸÷¸Úλ,ʹ²¿Ãż°Ö°¹¤¹¤×÷Ä¿±êÓë¸ÄÖÆÊÂÒµµ¥Î»Õ½ÂÔÄ¿±êÁªÏµÆðÀ´,ʹ²»Í¬²ã´Î²»Í¬¸ÚλԱ¹¤Óв»Í¬µÄ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÖ¸±êºÍ±ê×¼,´Ó¶ø±£Ö¤¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀíµÄ¿ÉÐÐÐÔ¡¢¿ÆѧÐÔ¡¢¹«ÕýÐÔ,½ø¶øÓÐÁ¦µØÖ§³Å¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí»î¶¯µÄ³É¹¦¿ªÕ¹,ʵÏÖ´Óµ¥Ò»µÄ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀíÏòÓÐЧµÄ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíÌáÉý¡£ (2)¹¹½¨¿ÆѧÍêÉƵļ¨Ð§¿¼ºË¹ÜÀíÖ¸±êÌåϵ¡£²ÉÓùؼüÒµ¼¨Ö¸±ê·¢(KPI)¡¢Æ½ºâ¼Æ·Ö¿¨(BSC)¡¢¹Ø¼ü³É¹¦ÒòËØ·¨(CSF)µÈÏȽøµÄ¼¨Ð§Ö¸±êÉè¼Æ·½·¨,°´ÕÕSMARTÔÔò,½áºÏÊÂÒµµ¥Î»µÄ¾ßÌåʵ¼Ê,°Ñ¹Ø¼üÖ¸±ê²ã²ã·Ö½âÖÁ²¿ÃÅ¡¢ÖвãºÍÒ»°ã¹ÜÀíÖ°¹¤¸÷¸Úλ¡£Ê¹Ö¸±êÖ®¼ä¾ßÓвã´ÎÐÔ¡¢Ö§³ÅÐÔ,ÐγɱȽÏϵͳµÄ¼¨Ð§Ö¸±êÌåϵ¡£ÎªÓëÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÒÔÍùµÄ¿¼ºË·½Ê½ÏàÏνÓ,¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý¸÷²¿ÃÅ¡¢¸ÚλµÄ¾ßÌåÇé¿ö,°Ñ µÂ¡¢ÄÜ¡¢ÇÚ¡¢¼¨¡¢Á® ÕâЩָ±ê½øÐÐÁ¿»¯ºÍ¸öÐÔ»¯,ʹµÃ¿¼ºËÖ¸±ê¾ßÓиüºÃµÄ¿ÆѧÐԺͿɲâÐÔ¡£ (3)³ä·ÖÓ¦Óü¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ½á¹û¡£¼ÓÇ¿¶Ô¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË½á¹ûµÄ±£¹ÜºÍÓ¦ÓᣳýÁ˰Ѽ¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ½á¹ûÓÃÓÚ¹¤×ÊÊÕÈë¡¢½±½ð·¢·Å,»¹Òª°Ñ¼¨Ð§¿¼ºËµÄ½á¹ûÓÚÖ°³ÆÆÀƸ¡¢Åàѵ»ú»á¡¢½úÉý»ú»áµÈ½áºÏÆðÀ´,×÷Ϊ²Î¿¼µÄÒÀ¾Ý,ʹ¿ªÕ¹ÕâЩ¹¤×÷ʱ¸ü¾ßÓÐÕë¶ÔÐÔ¡£Í¬Ê±,ͨ¹ý¹Ò¹³,ÒýÆð¹ã´óÖ°¹¤¶Ô¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí¡¢¼¨Ð§Ìá¸ßµÄÖØÊÓ¡£ (4)ʵÏÖ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄÈ«¹ý³Ì¹ÜÀí¡£ÔÚ¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄ¼Æ»®¡¢ÊµÊ©¡¢¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí¡¢·´À¡ºÍ½á¹ûµÈÎå¸ö»·½ÚÉÏ,¸ü¶àÌåÏÖÈ«Ô±²ÎÓë¡¢ÒÔÈËΪ±¾µÄÉè¼ÆÀíÄîÓë˼·¡£¸ü¼Ó×¢ÖضÔÖ°¹¤µÄ¼¨Ð§Ìá¸ßºÍ¸¨µ¼,³ä·Öµ÷¶¯Ö°¹¤²ÎÓ뼨ЧĿ±êʵÏֵĻý¼«ÐÔ¡¢Ö÷¶¯ÐԺʹ´ÔìÐÔ¡£ÔÚ½øÐм¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄ¹ý³ÌÖÐ,Ӧͨ¹ýÖ÷¹Ü·´À¢ÊéÃ汨¸æ¡¢¼¨Ð§½øÕ¹ºÍ»Ø¹ËµÈ·½Ê½²»¶ÏÇ¿µ÷¶Ô¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíʵʩ¹ý³ÌµÄ¸ÄÉÆ¡£ ×ܶøÑÔÖ®,¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀí×÷ΪÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíµÄ»ù´¡¹¤×÷ºÍÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ,¶ÔÌá¸ß×éÖ¯¼¨Ð§¡¢¿ª·¢ÍŶӺ͸öÌåDZÄÜ,ʹ×éÖ¯²»¶Ï»ñµÃ³É¹¦¾ßÓÐÕ½ÂÔÐÔµÄÒâÒå¡£¸ù¾ÝÊÂÒµµ¥Î»µÄÏÖ×´ºÍÌØÊâÐÔ,ÓÐÕë¶ÔÐԵؼÓÇ¿¼¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄ¸÷¸ö»·½Ú,´Ó¶øÔÚµ¥Î»È¡µÃ¾ºÕùÓÅÊÆ¡¢ÊµÏÖÕ½ÂÔÄ¿±êµÄ¹ý³ÌÖз¢»Ó»ý¼«×÷ÓÃ,²¢°ïÖúÖ°¹¤¸üºÃµÄ¿ª·¢¸öÈËDZÄÜ¡£ ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× [1] ×ÞÎä,ÕÅÒå·å.¶Ô¸ÄÖÆÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¸Ä¸ïÖеļ¨Ð§¹ÜÀíµÄ̽ÌÖ[J].Öйúµç×ÓÉÌÎñ,2009.09:158-159. [2] ½Ñà.¹«ÒæÐÔ¡¢·þÎñÐÔÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¸É²¿¼¨Ð§¿¼ÆÀµÄÎÊÌâÓë˼¿¼[J].ÊÐÕþÉèÊ©¹ÜÀí.2009.09:27-28. [3] ÀîÁº.»ùÓÚƽºâ¼Æ·Ö¿¨µÄÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¼¨Ð§ÆÀ¼ÛÑо¿[J].Öйú¸ßм¼ÊõÆóÒµ.2009.05:60-61. [4] ÐÏÌÎ.ÂÛÊÂÒµµ¥Î»µÄÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´µÄ¹ÜÀíÓ뼨Ч¿¼ºË[J].¿Æ¼¼×ÊѶ.2009.10:172. [5] ËÎÎÀƽ.ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»¼¨Ð§¿¼ºË´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ¼°¶Ô²ß[J].È˲Å×ÊÔ´¿ª·¢.2008.10:55-56. [6] Ñî‘k.̸ÊÂÒµµ¥Î»ÈËÁ¦×ÊÔ´¹ÜÀíÓ뼨Ч¿¼ºË[J].¿Æѧ֮ÓÑ. 2009.01:65-66. ÔðÈα༣ºÀÏA ÂÛ¹¤¿ÆÓ¦ÓÃÐÍ´´ÐÂÈ˲ÅËØÖÊ\֪ʶ¼°ÄÜÁ¦ÅàÑø
ÎïÁ÷Êǵç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÖ÷Òª¹¹³ÉÒªËØÖ®Ò»£¬»ùÓÚ×ÊÔ´µÄ¹ÛµãÇ¿µ÷Ò»¸öÆóÒµ¾ßÓÐijÖÖÌØÖʵÄ×ÊÔ´»òÕßÄÜÁ¦²ÅÊÇÐγɾºÕùÓÅÊƵĹؼüÒòËØ£¨Hoskiison R E£¬Hitt M A£¬Wan W P£¬et al.£¬1999£©£¬ÔÚÄ¿Ç°µç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÕûÌåÔËӪģʽÏàËƵÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÄÑÒÔÄ£·ÂµÄÎïÁ÷·þÎñÌåϵÒѾ³ÉΪµçÉÌÆóÒµ¼ä¾ºÕùµÄºËÐÄÒªËØ¡£È»¶ø£¬Ä¿Ç°Ðí¶àµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÎïÁ÷¹ÜÀíˮƽȴÏà¶ÔÖͺó£¬Ê¹ÎïÁ÷³ÉΪµç×ÓÉÌÎñ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹µÄ×î´óÆ¿¾±¡£ÎïÁ÷Æ¿¾±Ò»·½Ãæ»áµ¼Öµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÔËÓª³É±¾´ó·ùÉÏÉý£¬ÁíÒ»·½ÃæÓֻήµÍÓû§ÌåÑéˮƽ¡£ËùÒÔÈçºÎÌáÉýµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦³ÉΪѧÊõ½çºÍʵÎñ½ç¹Ø×¢µÄÖØÒª¿ÎÌâ¡£ B2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦µÄ¶¨Òå ÔÚ¶ÔÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦µÄÑо¿·½Ã棬¹úÄÚÍâѧÕ߸ø³öÁ˲»Í¬µÄ¶¨Òå¡£ÌÆÄɵ¡¢·ë J±«¶ûË÷¿Ë˹ºÍ´÷ά J¿ËÀÍ˹£¨2002£©ÈÏΪ£¬ÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊǶԳ§ÉÌÄÜ·ñÔÚ¾¡¿ÉÄܵ͵Ä×ܳɱ¾ÏÂÌṩÓоºÕùÓÅÊƵĿͻ§·þÎñµÄÒ»ÖÖÏà¶ÔÆÀ¹À¡£ÂíÊ¿»ª½ÌÊڵȣ¨2004£©ÈÏΪÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊÇָijÌض¨µÄÎïÁ÷ϵͳ£¬¸÷ÖÖÎïÁ÷»úÄÜÒªËؾö¶¨ÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦Ë®Æ½£¬ÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦×´¿öÈ¡¾öÓÚ¸÷»úÄÜÒªËصķþÎñ¼¨Ð§¡£Ì·ÇåÃÀµÈ£¨2003£©ÈÏΪÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÖ¸ÎïÁ÷¹©¸øÖ÷ÌåÌṩÎïÁ÷·þÎñµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£ Ä¿Ç°»¹Ã»ÓÐרÃÅÕë¶Ôµç×ÓÉÌÎñÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦µÄ¶¨Òå¡£±¾ÎÄÈÏΪB2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊǵçÉÌÆóÒµ¶ÔËùÓµÓеĹ©Ó¦Á´ÉÏËùÓÐÎïÁ÷×ÊÔ´½øÐÐÕûºÏ¡¢ÓÅ»¯£¬´Ó½ÓÊÜ¿Í»§¶©µ¥¡¢´¦Àí¶©µ¥¡¢·Ö¼ð»õÎï¡¢ÔËÊäµ½ÅäË͸ø¿Í»§µÄÈ«¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÔÚÏìÓ¦Ëٶȡ¢ÎïÁ÷³É±¾¡¢¶©µ¥Íê³É׼ʱÐԺͶ©µ¥½»¸¶¿É¿¿ÐԵȷ½ÃæµÄ×ۺϷ´Ó³£¬ÊǺâÁ¿ÆóÒµÎïÁ÷ÔËÓª×ÛºÏËØÖʺÍÕûÌåˮƽµÄ×ÛºÏÖ¸±ê¡£ B2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦µÄ¹¹³ÉÒªËØ B2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÒ»¸öÓÉÐí¶à×ÓÄÜÁ¦¹¹³ÉµÄ¶à²ãÃæÌåϵ£¬¸÷ÖÖ¹¹³ÉÒªËصÄÇ¿¶È£¬ÒÔ¼°ËüÃÇÏ໥е÷¡¢Ï໥×÷ÓõÄЧ¹û£¬¾ö¶¨×ÅÆóÒµÕûÌåÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦µÄ´óУ¸ù¾ÝB2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµ×÷ÒµÁ÷³Ìͼ£¨¼ûͼ1£©£¬ÔÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñÔËÓª¹ý³ÌÖÐÐèÒªÍê³ÉÉÌÁ÷¡¢ÎïÁ÷ºÍÐÅÏ¢Á÷µÈ ÈýÁ÷ ¡£ £¨Ò»£©ÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªÄÜÁ¦ ÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªÄÜÁ¦Êǵç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÕû¸öÄÜÁ¦ÌåϵµÄÍâÔÚ×ۺϱíÏÖ£¬Ò²ÊǵçÉÌÆóÒµÎïÁ÷¾ºÕùÁ¦×îÖ±½ÓµÄÌåÏÖ£¬Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨¶©µ¥´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦¡¢¿â´æ¹ÜÀí¡¢·Ö¼ð¡¢°ü×°¡¢ÔËÊäºÍÅäËÍÄÜÁ¦µÈ¡£ÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÒÔ¸÷ÖÖÓÐÐεÄÎïÁ÷×ÊÔ´ÒªËØΪ»ù´¡µÄ£¬°üÀ¨ÔËÊäÅäËͳµÁ¾¡¢²Ö´¢ÉèÊ©¡¢¶©µ¥·Ö¼ðÉ豸¡¢×°Ð¶°áÔËÉ豸µÈ¡£µ«²¢²»ÊÇËùÓеĵçÉÌÆóÒµ¶¼±ØÐëÓµÓÐÕâЩÎïÁ÷É豸£¬¶ÔÓÚÑ¡Ôñ×ÔÓªÎïÁ÷ģʽµÄÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÆäÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªÄÜÁ¦È¡¾öÓÚÆä×Ô½¨ÎïÁ÷ϵͳ£¬¶ÔÓÚÑ¡ÔñÍâ°üÎïÁ÷ģʽµÄÆóÒµÀ´Ëµ£¬ÆäÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªÄÜÁ¦ÔòÒÀÀµÓÚÓëÖ®½¨Á¢ºÏ×÷¹ØϵµÄµÚÈý·½ÎïÁ÷¡£ÓÉÓÚÎïÁ÷Êǵç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµÄܹ»ÓëÓû§½Ó´¥µÄΨһ»·½Ú£¬Ô½À´Ô½¶àµÄB2CµçÉÌÆóÒµ¿ªÊ¼Í¨¹ý×Ô½¨ÎïÁ÷ϵͳÀ´¼ÓÇ¿¶Ô ×îºóÒ»¹«Àï ÎïÁ÷ÅäË͵ĿØÖÆ£¬ÒÔÈ·±£¿Í»§ÂúÒâ¡£ £¨¶þ£©Êг¡ÄÜÁ¦ Êг¡ÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÆóÒµÏúÊÛ²úÆ·¡¢½¨Á¢²úÆ·Æ·ÅƺÍÆóÒµÐÅÓþµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£Êг¡ÄÜÁ¦ºÍÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦±íÃæÉÏÊÇÁ½¸öϵͳ£¬µ«Êµ¼ÊÈ´Ï໥ÁªÏµ£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñµÄÍê³ÉÒÔÎïÁ÷Ϊ»ù´¡£¬¶øÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªµÄЧ¹ûÓÖ·´¹ýÀ´ÊÜÖÆÓÚÉÌÁ÷£¬Ã»ÓÐÉÌÁ÷ÔòÎÞÎï¿ÉÁ÷¡£B2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµµÄÊг¡ÄÜÁ¦°üÀ¨Êг¡´ÙÏúÓëÍƹãÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÆóҵƷÅƺÍÐÅÓþ¡¢¿Í·þ·þÎñÄÜÁ¦ºÍ²úÆ·ÖÊÁ¿Ò»ÖÂÐԵȡ£ ¶ÔÓÚµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµ¶øÑÔ£¬ÆäÔËÓªµÄÍøÕ¾ÓнϸߵÄÁ÷Á¿ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ£¬Á÷Á¿µÄ´óСÍùÍùÈ¡¾öÓÚÆóÒµµÄÊг¡ÍƹãÄÜÁ¦¡£¶øÁ÷Á¿µÄÉÌÒµ¼ÛÖµÔÚÓÚÆä³É½»×ª»»ÂÊ£¬ÒòΪÐé¸ßµÄÁ÷Á¿Ö»»áÀË·ÑÆóÒµµÄ¹ã¸æºÍÍƹã·ÑÓᣳɽ»×ª»¯ÂÊÔòÈ¡¾öÓÚÆóÒµµÄÆ·ÅÆÐÅÓþ¶ÈºÍ¿Í·þ·þÎñÄÜÁ¦¡£ÁíÍ⣬Ëæ×ŵç×ÓÉÌÎñ¾ºÕùÔ½À´Ô½¼¤ÁÒ£¬ºÜ¶àÆóÒµ¶¼²ÉÓûõµ½¸¶¿î·½Ê½ºÍÆßÌì»ò¸ü¶àÌìÎÞÌõ¼þÍË»»»õ£¬ÕâÑùÎÞÒÉ»áÔö¼Ó¿Í»§¾ÜÊÕ»òÍË»»»õµÄ»ú»á£¬µ¼ÖÂÄæÏòÎïÁ÷µÄÔö¼Ó£¬ÎªÁ˼õÉÙÄæÁ÷£¬µçÉÌÆóÒµÓ¦±£Ö¤ÍøվչʾͼƬºÍʵÎïÖÊÁ¿µÄÒ»ÖÂÐÔ£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇÆóÒµÊг¡ÄÜÁ¦µÄÒ»ÖÖ¡£ £¨Èý£©ÐÅÏ¢ÄÜÁ¦ ÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊǸ߶ÈÐÅÏ¢ÒÀÀµÐԵģ¨ÂíÊ¿»ª¡¢ÉêÎÄ£¬2005£©£¬Òò´ËÐÅÏ¢ÄÜÁ¦¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÎïÁ÷ÄÜÁ¦µÄºËÐÄ×é³É²¿·Ö¡£ËùνÐÅÏ¢ÄÜÁ¦¾ÍÊÇÖ¸ÆóÒµ½«¸÷¸öÎïÁ÷»·½ÚµÄ¸÷ÖÖÎïÁ÷ÐÅÏ¢½øÐÐʵʱ²É¼¯¡¢·ÖÎö¡¢´«µÝ£¬²¢Ïò¿Í»§Ìṩ¸÷ÖÖ×÷ÒµÃ÷ϸÐÅÏ¢¼°×ÉѯµÄÄÜÁ¦¡£×÷ΪһÖÖÓмÛÖµµÄÎïÁ÷×ÊÔ´£¬ÐÅÏ¢ÊǵçÉÌÆóÒµÎïÁ÷ÔËÓªµÄÃüÂö£¬ÐÅÏ¢¿É»ñÐÔ²»½öÓ°ÏìÍøÂç¼Æ»®¹ý³Ì£¬¶øÇÒÓ°ÏìÓëÎïÁ÷±íÏÖÓйصÄÈÕ³£¾ö²ß¡£µç×ÓÉÌÎñÎïÁ÷ÐÅÏ¢µÄÈκÎ×èÈû¶¼»áÑÏÖØÓ°ÏìÎïÁ÷ϵͳµÄЧÂÊ£¬Èç¹ûûÓÐÐÅÏ¢µÄÁ÷¶¯£¬ÎïÁ÷ϵͳ¾ÍÎÞ·¨Áé»îÔËתÆðÀ´¡£ËùÒÔÇ¿´óµÄÐÅÏ¢´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦ÔÚÎïÁ÷ÕûÌåÄÜÁ¦¹¹³ÉÒªËØÖÐÒì³£ÖØÒª£¬ÆóÒµ±ØÐëͨ¹ý½¨Á¢Ò»Ì廯µÄÎïÁ÷ÐÅϢϵͳÀ´Ìá¸ßÎïÁ÷È«¹ý³ÌµÄ¿ÉÊÓÐÔ£¬¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬ÆÕͨµÄÎïÁ÷ϵͳºÍÓÅÐãµÄÎïÁ÷ϵͳ֮¼äµÄÇø±ð¾ÍÊÇÆäÐÅÏ¢´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦¡£ B2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµµÄÐÅÏ¢ÄÜÁ¦Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨ÄÚ²¿ÐÅÏ¢¹²ÏíÄÜÁ¦ºÍÓëÍⲿÐÅÏ¢½»Á÷ÄÜÁ¦¡£ÄÚ²¿ÐÅÏ¢¹²ÏíÄÜÁ¦½«×ܲ¿Óë¸÷ÒµÎñÍøµãºÍÎïÁ÷ÉèÊ©Á¬½Ó³ÉÒ»Ì廯µÄÐÅÏ¢ÍøÂ磬ʵÏÖÊý¾Ý¹²ÏíºÍÎÞÖ½»¯°ì¹«¡£ÓëÍⲿÐÅÏ¢½»Á÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÖ¸¶ÔÍâÓë¿Í»§¡¢³ÐÔËÈ˵ȹ©Ó¦Á´ºÏ×÷»ï°éʵÏÖ¶Ô½Ó£¬ÌṩͳһµÄÐÅÏ¢½ÓÈëºÍ²éѯ·þÎñ¡£ £¨ËÄ£©¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦ ¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦ÌåÏÖµÄÊÇB2Cµç×ÓÉÌÎñÆóÒµ¶ÔÕû¸öÎïÁ÷ϵͳ½øÐмƻ®¡¢¿ØÖÆ¡¢×éÖ¯¡¢Ðµ÷µÄÄÜÁ¦£¬Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦ºÍ×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏÄÜÁ¦¡£×éÖ¯¹ÜÀíÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÖ¸µçÉÌÆóÒµ¸ù¾ÝÊг¡»·¾³µÄ±ä»¯£¬½áºÏÆóÒµ·¢Õ¹Õ½ÂÔºÍ×ÔÉíÌõ¼þ¶ÔÎïÁ÷ÍøÂç²¼¾Ö¡¢ÆóÒµ×éÖ¯½á¹¹¡¢ÒµÎñÁ÷³Ì¼°¹¤×÷ÖƶȵȽøÐиÄÉÆ¡¢ÓÅ»¯ÒÔ´Ù½øµçÉÌÆóÒµ¿ØÖƳɱ¾¡¢Ìá¸ß·þÎñˮƽµÄÄÜÁ¦£¬ÌåÏÖÁ˵çÉÌÆóÒµ¹ÜÀí²ãµÄ¾ö²ßÄÜÁ¦¡£×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏÄÜÁ¦ÊÇÓÃϵͳÂÛµÄ˼ά·½Ê½½«ÆóÒµÄÚÍⲿ²»Í¬À´Ô´¡¢²»Í¬²ã´Î¡¢²»Í¬½á¹¹¡¢²»Í¬ÄÚÈݵÄ×ÊÔ´½øÐÐʶ±ðÓëÑ¡Ôñ¡¢¼³È¡ÓëÅäÖᢼ¤»îºÍÓлúÅäºÏ£¬ÊµÏÖ×ÊÔ´ÅäÖõÄÕûÌåÓÅ»¯ºÍе÷·¢Õ¹£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¹©Ó¦Á´ÏµÍ³ÕûÌå×î´óЧÒæ¡£ ÔðÈα༣ºÐ¡Þ± dzÎöÎÒ¹úµç×ÓÉÌÎñÎïÁ÷ÅäËÍÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ¼°¶Ô²ß